Информационная теория стоимости и законы неравновесной экономики

Вальтух, Константин Куртович

dc.contributor.author	Вальтух, Константин Куртович
dc.date.accessioned	2015-04-19T09:47:21Z
dc.date.available	2015-04-19T09:47:21Z
dc.date.issued	2001
dc.identifier.citation	Вальтух К.К. Информационная теория стоимости и законы неравновесной экономики: ИЭОПП СО РАН. - М. : Янус-К, 2001. - 896 с.	ru_RU
dc.identifier.uri	https://lib.nsu.ru/xmlui/handle/nsu/7727
dc.description	Valtukh, Konstantin K. (2001) Information theory of value and the laws of disequilibrium economy. M: Yanus-K. 896 p. From the Author – XXIV. INTRODUCTION. THE CLASSIC THEORY – 1. I.1. The object – 1. I.2. The law of value – 7. I.2.1. The law in strong form (7). I.2.2. The law in weak form (12). I.3. Statistical verification – 16. I.3.1. Review of some outcomes obtained earlier (16). I.3.2. Static action of the labour value law in the economy of the FRG: input-output statistics (18). I.3.3. Static action of the labour value law in the economy of France: input-output statistics (25). I.3.4. Dynamic action of the labour value law: statistics of GDP deflators of 26 countries (27). Introductory remarks (27). Formalization of the labour value law with reference to dynamics of general price level (29). Statistical verification (31). I.3.5. Concluding remarks (37). CHAPTER 1. FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION UNDERSTANDING OF VALUE – 39 . 1.1. Necessity of theoretical generalization – 39. 1.2. Shannon’s concept of information amount: some properties – 41. 1.2.1. System of random phenomena: unity; multiplicity of states (42). 1.2.2. Dual nature of information: content, amount (53). 1.2.3. Objective and subjective information (55). 1.2.4. Possibilities of changing information amount in a system (58). 1.2.5. Sampling of the system states: requirement of sufficient representativeness (60). 1.3. Rise and destruction of information – 61. 1.3.1. Statement of the question (61). 861 1.3.2. The second law of thermodynamics and nonexistence of information conservation law (64). 1.3.3. Shaping of the matter and rise of information (70). 1.3.4. Probability of diverse macro-objects: formalized description (74). 1.3.5. Shaping of the matter and entropy changes (76). 1.4. Information amount in homogeneous hierarchical systems: Shannon’s model – 82. 1.4.1. Shannon’s formula: information amount in a two-level hierarchical system (82). 1.4.2. Information amount in a system with any finite number of hierarchy levels (84). 1.4.3. Deduction of the analytical formula of information amount (92). 1.4.4. Interconnection between the information amount analytical formula and Shannon’s formula (94). 1.4.5. Determination of homogenous states probabilities (96). 1.4.6. System probabilities as cumulative magnitudes (97). 1.4.7. Additive nature of information in hierarchical system (98). 1.4.8. Structure of information embodied in a separate state of a system (101). 1.4.9. Structure of information embodied in a separate subsystem (102). 1.4.10. Information transfer and rise of additional information (103). 1.5. Information amount in heterogeneous hierarchical systems – 105 . 1.5.1. Insufficiency of Shannon’s model of hierarchical systems (105). 1.5.2. Shaping of the matter (107). 1.5.3. Spontaneous shaping in nature: general review (110). 1.5.4. Spontaneous shaping in nature: the law of matter-energy conservation (113). 1.5.5. The law of matter-energy conservation and hierarchy of nature states (117). 1.5.6. Spontaneous shaping in nature: probability flows and information amount changes (120). 1.5.7. Spontaneous shaping in nature: nonexistence of information transfer (122). 1.5.8. Structure of information embodied in states of nature (124). 1.5.9. Subsystem and system probabilities of states in heterogeneous systems (130). 2 1.6. Dependence of information amount on complexity of objects: generalization of Shannon’s formula – 132. 1.6.1. Insufficiency of Shannon’s concept of information amount (132). 1.6.2. Reflection of objects complexity in information estimates (134). 1.6.3. Probabilistic interpretation of objects complexity (136). 1.6.4. Interdependence of system ingredients – and their information estimates (138). 1.6.5. Evaluation of objects complexity by probability of their appearance in the history of a system (139). 1.6.6. Insufficiency of the suggested solution of the problem of objects complexity (145). 1.6.7. Progress and regress (145). 1.7. The theory of information and the theory of value – 146. CHAPTER 2. PRODUCTION – 149. 2.1. Social production – 149. 2.1.1. Material and ideal information (150). 2.1.2. Multiplication of ideal information (153). 2.1.3. Materialization of ideal information (155). 2.1.4. Production. Labour. Labour power (156). Production (156). Labour. Labour power of an individual (157). Ideal and material production (158). Creative labour and dependable labour (160). Technology (162). Household production and social production (162). 2.2. Anthropospherical production – 163. 2.2.1. Anthroposphere (163). 2.2.2. Natural environment of the anthroposphere (165). 2.2.3. Notion of anthropospherical production (166). 2.2.4. Model of anthropospherical production (169). Introductory remarks (169). Ingredients (170). Production period (174). Resources (175). Products (178). Production methods (180). Production wastes (184). Restrictions (186). Net output (187). Net output distribution (188). Formation of stocks of production material resources (189). Particular branches: phytomass increasing, geological prospecting (190). 2.2.5. The law of mass conservation in anthropospherical production (191). 2.3. Information value of anthropospherical production ingredients – 192. 2.3.1. Introductory remarks (192). 2.3.2. Information value of net output of anthropospherical production (193). 2.3.3. Information value of natural production resources and products (195). 2.3.4. Information value of products of social production: a mere natural definition? (198). 2.3.5. Information value of products of social production: formalized description (203). Introductory remarks (203). Net value of products (204). Total value of products (208). 2.3.6. Probabilities of production material resources and of labour force in the system of anthropospherical production resources (209). Labour force probability in the system of social production resources (209). Necessity of further elaboration of the problem of labour force probability in the system of social production resources (214). Labour force probability in the system of anthropospherical production resources (216). Probabilities of three large groups of resources in the system of anthropospherical production resources (217). 2.3.7. Information embodied in labour force (219). Statement of the question (219). Conception of a territorially closed technological system (221). Information embodied in labour force, with assumption of its skill homogeneity (222). Labour skill categories. Factors to determine the labour skill level (222). Probability of a skill group in labour force: cumulative, eigen (227). Historically normal labour force (228). Simple labour power (230). Information amount embodied in labour force of a separate skill category (231). Skill coefficient (232). Additive nature of skill coefficients (234). Dependence of skill differentiation of labour force on anthroposphere development (236). 2.3.8. Information value of material resources created by social production (239). CHAPTER 3. STATISTICAL VERIFICATION OF THE HYPOTHETICAL LAW OF LABOUR REDUCTION – 243. 3.1. Statement of the question – 243. 3.1.1. Labour reduction coefficients (243). 3.1.2. Ranking criterion for large groups of workmen: earnings per hour (244). 3.2. Labour earnings as skill indicator – 249. 3.2.1. Education (250). 3.2.2. Age (253). 3.2.3. Quantitative estimates of dependence of labour earnings on education and age (256). 3.2.4. Sex (265). 3.2.5. Occupation (274). 3.2.6. Concluding remarks (283). 3.3. Dependence of labour earnings on skill – 284. 3.3.1. Determination of labour reduction coefficients (284). 3.3.2. Laws of labour earnings: a theoretical consideration (289). 3.3.3. Revealing a labour earnings law: mathematical-statistical investigation (297). Distribution of workmen by level of earnings per hour (297). Dependence of earnings per hour on cumulative probability of skill categories of workmen (302). Dependence of earnings per hour on labour reduction coefficients (306). 3.3.4. Marx’s law: statistical estimates (313). 3.3.5. Pareto’s law: statistical estimates (314). 3.4. Some theoretical conclusions – 316. 3.4.1. Theory of value and principle of scarcity (316). 3.4.2. Commensurability of dependent and creative labour, physical and mental work (316). 3.4.3. Measurement of labour productivity (319). 3.4.4. Conception of labour force value (320). 3.4.5. National differences in level of real labour earnings (321). 3.4.6. Theory of money (323). 3.4.7. Theory of surplus value (323). CHAPTER 4. SURPLUS LABOUR: DEPENDENCE ON LABOUR SKILL – 326. 4.1. Statistical issues – 326. 4.1.1. Formulation of the question (326). 4.1.2. Commodity production and non-profit organizations in the system of national accounts (327). 4.1.3. Value taken from nature in the system of national accounts (330). 4.1.4. Price level issue in national accounting (331). 4.1.5. Issue of matching of data of the population census and national accounts (332). 4.2. Procedures of calculating a newly created value and surplus value by skill groups of workmen – 334. 4.2.1. Commodity production (334) 4.2.2. Non-commodity production (340). 4.3. Partaking of workmen skill groups in production of surplus value – 341. 4.3.1. Commodity production: factors of production of surplus value (341). 4.3.2. Commodity production: three basic skill groups (354). 4.3.3. Non-commodity production: three basic skill groups (360). 4.3.4. Social sense of workmen division into three basic skill groups (363). CHAPTER 5. DISEQUILIBRIUM AND EQUILIBRIUM IN AN ECONOMY –370. 5.1. Economy as a disequilibrium system – 372. 5.1.1. Information and disequilibrium (372). 5.1.2. Multiplicity of requirements and multiplicity of products (373). 5.1.3. Misbalance between resources and requirements in them (374) 5.1.4. Technological disequilibrium (375). 5.1.5. Surplus value created by labour (380). 5.1.6. Surplus value taken from nature (382). 5.1.7. Inequality of net product and current non-productive consumption (385). 5.1.8. Physical attrition of technological system elements (386). 5.1.9. Productive investment. Technological progress (386). 5.2. Fundamental non-linearity of developing economic systems and its reflection in modeling – 389. 5.3. Disequilibrium and equilibrium under conditions of free competition and in models of competitive equilibrium – 392. 5.4. Equilibrium and disequilibrium in the system of interindustry relationships and in input-output models – 403. CHAPTER 6. THE LAW OF MASS CONSUMER′S BEHAVIOUR – 405. 6.1. The theoretical law of mass consumer′s behaviour – 405. 6.1.1. The hypothesis on the law of mass consumer′s behaviour (406). 6.1.2. Equilibrium property of the optimal structure of consumption (411). 6.1.3. Transformation of equilibrium into disequilibrium (413). 6.1.4. Weighing coefficients j k (419). 6.1.5. Optimal trajectory of consumption growth (420). 6.1.6. Curvature of the optimal trajectory of consumption growth (422). Property 1 (426). Property 2 (426). Property 3 (427). Property 4 (428). Property 5 (429). 6.2. Curvature of actual trajectories of private consumption expenditures (beginning) – 431. 6.2.1. Introductory remarks (431). 6.2.2. Preparation of initial data (440). 6.2.3. General consumption growth (446). 6.2.4. Cases of absolute reduction of requirements (452). 6.2.5. Choice of item j′ (454). 6.2.6. Choice of the cycle (459). 6.2.7. The USA: cycle of 1975-1993 (467). ∆-test (473). F-test (476). H-test (487). Concluding remarks (493). 6.3. Curvature of actual trajectories of private consumption expenditures (continuation: 10 countries) – 494. 6.3.1. Item j′ (494). 6.3.2. Determination of cycles and their phases (494). 6.3.3. ∆-test (495). Items 1C and 1D (500). Item 2 (502). Item 4 (503). Item 6 (505). Items 3, 5, 7, 8 (505). Total (507). 6.3.4. F-test (507). 6.3.5. H-test (514). 6.4. Curvature of actual trajectories of private consumption expenditures (end: 11 countries) – 518. 6.4.1. F-test (519). 6.4.2. H-test (525). CHAPTER 7. FIXED INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH – 527. 7.1. The law of reproduction process and economic inertia – 527. 7.2. Statistical indicators – 532. 7.3. Investment mode and efficiency – 535. 7.3.1. The FRG, 1960-1990 (535). Statistical regularities (535). Theoretical discussion (541). 7.3.2. The USA, 1960-1995 (547). 7.3.3. Yearly growth rates and efficiency of productive investment in the FRG and the USA (551). 7.3.4. Statistics of 11 industrially developed countries, 1960-1990: comparative analysis (554). Intra-country synchronism of changes in intensity and efficiency of fixed investment (555). Inter-country synchronism of changes in intensity and efficiency of fixed investment (563). Factors of GDP increment (571). 7.3.5. The UNO national accounts, 24 countries, 1972-1993 (576). Preparation of data (578). The FRG: long-term coincidence of increase of non-investment output and increase of production investment (580). The FRG: growth of non-investment output and of production investment at the yearly level (580). The FRG: second differences of non-investment output and growth of production investment at the yearly level (581). The FRG: increase of non-investment output and reduction of production investment at the yearly level (583). The FRG: second differences of non-investment output and reduction of production investment at the yearly level (583) 24 countries (584). 7.3.6. Some conclusions (598). 7.4. Reproduction and use of fixed capital – 599. 7.4.1. The USA, 1972-1993 (599). Statistics (599). Attrition and renewal of production fixed capital (600). Time of fixed capital usage: estimates by method of perpetual inventory (606). Dynamics of outputcapital ratio, labour productivity and capital-labour ratio (609). Fixed investment and reproduction of production potential: an attempt of estimation with the use of output-capital ratio index (617). 7.4.2. The FRG, 1980-1990 (621). 7.4.3. On the so-called golden rule (625). CHAPTER 8. SYSTEM ECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF NATURAL RESOURCES – 629. 8.1. Hierarchical nature of information estimates – 630. 8.2. Value of natural resources: world, regional, national, local – 632. 8.3. Information estimates of mineral resources – 645. 8.3.1. Initial data (645). 8.3.2. General review of estimates (649). 8.3.3. World estimates (652). Estimates of gold reserves in Russia (653). Estimates – and absolute rent (657). Estimates – and volumes of mineral resources extraction (662). Estimates – and mineral resources extraction allocation over countries (671). Estimates – and differential rent (689). Estimates – and prices of metals (692). 8.4. Information estimates of biological resources – 695. CHAPTER 9. IMPOSSIBILITY OF SOCIALISM: LOGICAL DEMONSTRATION, FACTUAL VERIFICATION – 698. 9.1. Logical incorrectnesses in the concept of transformation of capitalism into socialism – 698. 9.1.1. Exposition of theoretical fundamentals of socialism in Engels’s work “Anti-Dühring” (698). 9.1.2. Marx’s work “Critique of the Gotha Program” (701). 9.2. Theorem of impossibility of socialism – 710. 9.3. Historic evidence of impossibility of socialism: degradation of Soviet economy in the 60’s – 80’s – 720. 9.3.1. Real investment (723). 9.3.2. Industry (725). 9.3.3. Agriculture (737). 9.3.4. Distribution of labour incomes (739) 9.3.5. Hampering of technological progress (740). ENDNOTES – 745. To introduction (745). To chapter 1 (748). To chapter 2 (763). To chapter 3 (774). To chapter 4 (785). To chapter 5 (789). To chapter 6 (790). To chapter 7 (793). To chapter 8 (806). To chapter 9 (812). Appendix I N. P. DEMENT’EV. MATHEMATICAL STUDIES OF INFORMATION PROPERTIES – 816. A.1. Some mathematical properties of information – 816. A.1.1. Directions of the fastest growth of information (817). A.1.2. Information and variation (822). A.1.3. Information in transforming systems (831). A.2. Added information and systemically preceding states - 837. Appendix II THEORETICAL COEFFICIENTS OF LABOUR REDUCTION – 850. REFERENCES – 851.	ru_RU
dc.description.abstract	Предложено обобщение классической теории стоимости, опирающееся на современную теорию информации. Экономика представлена как высокоразвитая информационная система, объективные свойства которой суть специфические проявления объективных свойств информации (ее количества и содержания). Теория получила подробное логическое развитие, дано ее формализованное изложение. Показана высокая объясняющая сила теории, возможность решения на ее основе таких остававшихся до сих пор нерешенными проблем экономической науки, как редукция труда и стоимость природных ресурсов. Исследованы некоторые законы неравновесия, порождаемого информационной природой экономики. Книга предназначена для научных работников, преподавателей экономической теории, аспирантов и студентов. Автор приложения I - Н.П. Дементьев	ru_RU
dc.language.iso	ru	ru_RU
dc.publisher	Янус-К	ru_RU
dc.subject	Стоимость, информационная теория, экономика, законы, неравновесие	ru_RU
dc.title	Информационная теория стоимости и законы неравновесной экономики	ru_RU
dc.title.alternative	Information theory of value and the laws of disequilibrium economy	ru_RU
dc.type	Book	ru_RU