Аннотации:
Our results can be used for interpretation of possible way of picture-making activity of very prehistoric human populations. All known finds of prehistoric art shows a high level of this art (statures, rock art, pictograms, prints of hands on the cave walls etc.). But we can only speculate what kind of art was before these finds. Can we compare apes scribbles as a model for possible way of origin of the oldest hominid art? When we compare scribbles of children we can state that these are very similar to that of apes. The process of making scribbles is very similar both in apes and in children up to three years of age. Children very frequently comment this process. Apes are making pictures without vocal communication but their pictures are very similar to children scribbles. For many people idea of common features of such activities is not acceptable. But we don’t say that picture-making activity of apes is art. We also don’t say that the scribbles of children is art too. Each child likes draw but only from few of them become artist. T. Lenain (1999) state that even the most gifted chimpanzee has nothing to do with inventing instruments and colouring materials or adapting them to his own aesthetic drives. We do not agree with him in this point. We observe more frequently that chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas try to modify their tools for painting as we describe above. We have also observed that apes modify tools and use this tools for different techniques of painting. Preliminary analysis of the pictures drawn by apes illustrated that they demonstrated adequate reaction on the different graphical symbols (lines, dots, figures), for example, on the placing of these symbols on the paper, their orientation, character, form, combination with other symbols etc. We have observed many graphic elements and their combinations which apes can draw in their pictures (dots, zigzag, horizontal, vertical or curve lines and their combinations, circles etc.). Size, form and orientation of paper during drawing activity also influence the results. Apes also select the part of the paper for their picture - centre, periphery or corners. The pictures of apes illustrate clearly features of elementary composition: balance of format, orientation of elements and their reciprocity harmony, their contrast or nearest for the colour, size or character.
